Fix The Windows Boot.ini file with KNOPPIX!!

If a Windows boot.ini file gets corrupted, you might find yourself unable to boot back into Windows. While the Windows Recovery CD can restore a default boot file, unlike Knoppix, it won’t let you edit it directly.

Back in the old days of Windows, you could change many different startup settings by editing .ini files that were in the root of your hard drive. Over the years, Microsoft has moved most of the settings that control configuration to the registry, but there is one important file that remains, boot.ini. In this file, you can find information that the Windows boot loader uses to determine booting options and, in the case of more than one Windows OS on a system, which OS to boot. For example, this is a boot.ini file that allows you to boot between Windows 2000 and Windows XP Professional:

[boot loader]
timeout=30
default=multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)WINNT
[operating systems]
multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)WINNT="Windows 2000" /fastdetect
multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(2)WINDOWS="Windows XP Professional"
/fastdetect

This file is split into two parts: the part that contains settings for the boot loader that starts with [boot loader] and the part that containing the different operating systems available for booting that starts with [operating systems]. The first option, timeout, controls how many seconds the boot loader waits before booting the default operating system. The default option tells the boot loader which operating system to boot if the timeout has passed.

Install GENTO with KNOPPIX…

Installing Gentoo can be an overwhelming and uninviting task because you are limited to a shell interface, and the computer is unavailable for tasks during the installation. That is, of course, unless you use the Knoppix CD.

Knoppix makes installing Gentoo a much less painful experience. The Knoppix hardware detection seems to be more robust and is much more successful than the Gentoo system. A Gentoo install involves downloading packages from the Internet, so Knoppix provides you with much better support for your particular NIC. Furthermore, your computer is still fully functional while you compile the base Gentoo system, which provides you with some additional advantages. First, the compilation process for a Gentoo install can take hours, so with Knoppix, you can browse the Web, play games, and get work done while the system compiles in the background. Second, you can browse the Web with a graphical web browser, so if you run into a roadblock in the installation process, you can head straight to the Gentoo forums at http://forums.gentoo.org to ask a question. The installation instructions are also readily accessible (http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/handbook/handbook-x86.xml), so there is no need to print them out. The instructions are very thorough and explain not only what each step is, but also why it is necessary.

These two reasons are also true for installing Gentoo from a chrooted environment on an existing Linux install. However, Knoppix gives you the advantage of using the entire hard disk for your Gentoo install. If you have only a single hard drive and Linux is already on it, you can’t exactly wipe it entirely clean while you are in the middle of using it.

Reset Linux Password!!

If you have forgotten a user’s password under Linux and you have root access, you don’t usually need a rescue disk because you can reset the password with the root account. Even if you have forgotten the root password, most Linux distributions let you log in to single-user mode (add the single or init=1 argument to the kernel at the boot prompt) and change the password from the root account.

A paranoid system administrator might password-protect or disable single-user mode altogether in /etc/inittab, but you can still get to a root prompt to reset the password if you pass init=/bin/sh to the kernel when you boot. However, if the boot loader itself is password-protected and you forgot the password, you must have some sort of rescue disk to reset the password both in the boot loader and in the /etc/passwd file.

It is simple to reset a password in Linux, and to reset a password with Knoppix requires just one extra step. Boot the Knoppix CD and mount your Linux system with read/write permissions:

knoppix@ttyp0[knoppix]$ sudo mount -o rw /dev/hda1

 /mnt/hda1

Install and Removes standalone .deb files..

The package management for Debian-based distributions like Ubuntu is very powerful and saves a lot of effort that could be wasted finding the latest packages and tracking down dependencies. Automated tools like apt-get, Synaptic, and Adept should serve most users’ needs almost all of the time, and you should stick to those tools whenever possible. However, there are some circumstances when you need to install a .deb package directly.

Install a .deb

Whatever the reason, when you find yourself with a .deb to install, it’s time to turn to dpkg. dpkg is the tool that Debian-based distributions like Ubuntu use to install .deb files. (Even when you use an automated package-management tool, dpkg is used behind the scenes to actually install the packages to the system.) If you are familiar with the rpm tool for RPM-based distributions, you’ll find dpkg has similar syntax. To install an ordinary .deb from the command line, type:

whiprush@ubuntu:~$ sudo dpkg -i packagename.deb

Replace packagename .deb with the .deb file you wish to install. If you have multiple files you want to install at the same time, you can either list them one after another on the command line:

whiprush@ubuntu:~$ sudo dpkg -i package1.deb package2.deb package3.deb                  

or use a file glob to install all .deb files in the current directory:

whiprush@ubuntu:~$ sudo dpkg - *.deb

dpkg also has a recursive option (-R). If you have a directory full of debs you want to install, type:

whiprush@ubuntu:~$ sudo dpkg -i -R /path/to/directory
               

and dpkg will recursively find and install all .deb files within that directory and its subdirectories.

Sejarahnya TCP/IP dan Internet…

Dua orang dapat komunikasi secara efektif ketika mereka setuju untuk menggunakan satu bahasa yang umum. Mereka bisa berbicara bahasa Inggris, Spanyol, Perancis, atau bahkan bahasa isyarat, tetapi mereka harus menggunakan bahasa yang sama, caiillee..

Komputer berkomunikasi dengan cara yang sama . Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) seperti sebuah bahasa dimana komputer berbicara. Secara rinci, TCP/IP adalah satu set aturan yang menggambarkan bagaimana dua komputer menunjuk alamat satu sama lain dan mengirim data satu sama lain. Aturan ini disebut protokol. Berbagai protokol yang dikelompokkan bersama-sama membentuk suatu deretan protokol dan dapat bekerja sama biasa disebut protocol stack

TCP/IP sangat kuat, cepat, handal, dan efisien . Protokol ini menjadi pilihan utama komunikasi Internet. Ketika tukar menukar informasi via Internet menjadi lebih luas, perusahaan maupun individu perlu juga memahami apa itu TCP/IP.

Binatang apa TCP/IP ?

Bukan binatang bos! TCP/IP adalah satu set protokol yang memungkinkan komunikasi antar komputer[1] .

Ada suatu saat ketika komputer tidak perlu untuk berkomunikasi . Tidak ada kebutuhan untuk sebuah protokol. Tetapi ketika komputer telah terhubung ke jaringan, kebutuhan akan protokol muncul untuk komputer yang ingin berkomunikasi.

Saat ini, Network Administrator[2] dapat memilih banyak protokol, tetapi TCP/IP menjadi pilihan paling umum. Alasan lainnya adalah TCP/IP menjadi protokol pilihan Internet. Jika anda ingin komputer dapat berkomunikasi dengan Internet, TCP/IP adalah pilihan de facto .

Alasan yang lain kenapa TCP/IP begitu tenar adalah kompatibelitas dengan hampir setiap jenis komputer di dunia. TCP/IP didukung oleh semua sistem operasi , Windows 95/98, Windows NT, Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows 2003, Linux, Unix, Netware dst…..